The battalion was equipped with M60A1 tanks. The 759th, oddly, only received one company's worth of Chaffees, and was forced to end the war mostly still using the unsatisfactory "anti-tank gun bait" M5 and M5A1 light tank. With roots in the Regular Army at a time when the U.S. Army was rapidly expanding with draftees, the battalion was initially able to select junior officers, sergeants, and new soldiers of superior qualities. The 70th began the race across France, at times halting only because they had outstripped their supply lines. The article says the depot they got their tanks from had British-equipped Shermans, so I suppose it's possible, but I would think they would have taken tanks they were familiar with, and the article is clear the used the trick of deflecting the shell off of the lower portion of the gun mantle. [77], After several days of "mopping up" operations, the battalion moved on 4 October to the vicinity of Wijon-ni to prepare for crossing the Imjin River as American and United Nations troops continued to advance northward. WebRoy Roberson, Co. A. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.

The Battle of the Bulge began on 16 December, and the 70th Tank Battalion was located on the southern flank of the German penetration, with only eleven of its 54 medium tanks in operating condition.

By

Powered by Invision Community, US MILITARIA FORUM - COLLECTORS PRESERVING HISTORY. All the battalions of the 70th Armor Regiment remained active until after the disbanding of the Warsaw Pact in February 1991 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.

[6] After this intense fighting the battalion again went into division reserve from 2028 July. [28] Approximately half of its enlisted personnel were then reassigned to the newly organized 89th Engineer Port Construction Company. By afternoon most of battalion had landed and was attached to the 175th Infantry Regiment, 29th Infantry Division for an attack on Isigny-sur-Mer. [20] In the predawn darkness of 23 February, the tankers provided direct fire support from the west bank of the Roer for the infantry's predawn attack and the Americans seized Jlich by the end of the day.

The 740' is chain stitched on the armor patch. Throughout their individual histories, all the battalions of the 70th Armor Regiment were either stationed in Germany or were based in the United States with contingency plans to reinforce the forces in Germany case of a crisis or actual conflict with the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact. Arriving in the sector at the end of summer, the weather quickly became cool and wet, and conditions worsened throughout their stay in this sector. De Kommandant dizit war de Lt.Col. December 6, 2011 in EPHEMERA, PHOTOGRAPHS & MILITARY ARTWORK, hello, I recently won some letters written by a fellow who served in the 746th Tank Battalion and was wondering if anyone knows where I might obtain a roster and or casualty lists. The Service Company included a headquarters section; a maintenance platoon; and a large battalion supply and transportation platoon, with over thirty trucks to provide logistics for the battalion. The 747th Tank Battalion was activated at Camp Bowie, Texas on 10 November 1942 as the 747th Tank Battalion (Medium). The battalion embarked from New York on 11 February 1944 and arrived in England on 23 February 1944. Company D, Company C Presidential Unit Citation, 16 November-4 December 1944, War Department General Order 3746.

On 26 September, the company sailed from New York. [6][8], On 17 August, the battalion was detached from the 29th Infantry Division and attached directly to V Corps and placed on two-hour alert to move. [36] Company D, landing at H+260 was to link up with the 101st Airborne Division and provide them tank support as the paratroopers secured the causeways leading inland from the beaches.[38][39]. [44][45] The 70th Tank Battalion moved with the division and engaged in brutal fighting in the hedgerows, made worse by heavy rainfall. DA Pam 672-1, This page was last edited on 22 January 2023, at 04:43. 4th Armored Division through Europe - D+36 to D+337. [81] The battalion supported the regiments of the 1st Cavalry Division in conducting combat reconnaissance missions through the remainder of the month. They were both lucky and clever. Another sterling Alamo thread full of factual information and engaging stories. [64], The battalion then withdrew back into bivouacs in the vicinity of Hochfelden, France, then beginning on 27 March moved in a series of road marches back into Germany, crossing the Rhine at Worms on 2930 March. Combined Arms Research Library (CARL) Digital Collection. [54][55] The ongoing limited supply of fuel for the tanks during much of this period did nothing to improve the outlook, though it did help restore the combat strength of the unit-strength which would be needed in their next operation. WebMILITARY UNITS - 740TH TANK BATTALION VetFriends Veteran ID Card Quick Links. This expansion reflected the military buildup begun under the Reagan administration. If you read the more detailed article linked at the bottom it actually says the 740th advanced into the Germans. Companies A, B, and two platoons of Company C were attached to the 1153rd Engineer Combat Group, which was further attached to the 30th Infantry Division. While clearing the woods to the east of the town, the battalion took some 350 prisoners. In preparation for U.S. forces invasion of Iraq, 270 Armor, having just completed a training deployment to the National Training Center, was alerted for deployment to Kuwait in January 2003. From Bocket they moved to Laak, Holland to draw LVT-2 and LVT-4 amphibious vehicles. [9], With this threat under control, on 4 September Company A was detached from the battalion and joined the 22nd Infantry Regiment as they resumed the advance to the east, toward Rocroi. The battalion began transferring property to the 245th Tank Battalion on 7 December and the bulk of the battalion departed Korea by ship on 17 December. Then the 29th was attached to XIII Corps to assist the 5th Armored Division in pushing the corps northern flank to the Elbe River,[27] and the 747th Tank Battalion roadmarched 249mi to Nordhausen, arriving on 18 April. WebOn the positive side, Lt. Col. Rubels 740th Tank Battalion accounted for 69 enemy tanks destroyed, including 17 Tiger and Tiger IIs. Thor996. League City resident Harold Bradley arrived on the Normandy shore days later with the 740th Tank Battalion. The next day the battalion was back in contact with the Germans, though the sporadic and ineffective nature of the combat indicated organized German military resistance had collapsed. Although organized as a modernized "J-Series" battalion with four tank companies, the battalion was initially equipped with M60A1 tanks instead of M1 Abrams tanks. During this advance the battalion discovered the difficulties of attacking in the famous Normandy bocage, and developed one of several hedgerow cutter tank attachments the forces in Normandy invented to penetrate the dense hedgerows.

[16][17][18][19], Finally, on 8 February, the tankers began infiltrating forward to attack positions for the crossing of the Roer River. The remainder of the battalion had repaired enough vehicles and found enough fuel to rejoin the composite company at its assembly area near Beho on the afternoon of 15 September. At the time of reorganization, the units were designated as follows:[96]. UNITS OF THE 40th TANK BATTALION: The 40th Tank Battalion consisted of the following units [63], In late January 1945 the 70th Tank Battalion was alerted that they would soon be on the move again. It's easy!

Despite its initial designation as a medium tank battalion, the 70th was organized as a light tank battalion and received only light tanks.

[59] After the unrelenting combat and movement since coming ashore at Utah Beach, the 70th Tank Battalion had nearly a month from Christmas Day 1944 until 21 January 1945 to rest and refit and bring the battalion back up to strength before it went back on the offensive. The Heavy Tank Battalion organization is as follows: When the 70th re-emerged in 1963 as part of the Combat Arms Regimental System, it once again had a completely new organization. The unit was severely understrength, both in terms of personnel and equipment.

Two months later, on 1 August 1946, the battalion was reactivated at Fort Knox, Kentucky. The 2nd Platoon, Company A received the Presidential Unit Citation for their actions in relieving the 23rd Infantry. World War II veteran Harold Bradley, left, shakes Mark Hatchel's hand [28] Due to the poor terrain for tank operations, the 70th was pulled out of the line on 27 July and Company C rejoined the battalion on 31 July, although the battle for the island lasted until 17 August. Although nominally attached to the 1st Infantry Division for the landings through 13 June, elements of the battalion had already also been attached to the 2nd Infantry Division and 29th Infantry Division, and by 15 June the battalion was attached solely to the 29th Infantry Division. Defense Nuclear Agency, "SHOT APPLE 2: A Test of the TEAPOT Series, 5 May 1955". [47] By 24 August, the battalion was on the outskirts of Paris. The Americans encountered similar resistance as they had west of Jlich, having to reduce strongpoints centered on each town along their march route, with German tanks, self-propelled guns and antitank guns located in well-concealed positions to engage the tanks from the flanks.

Some platoons, especially those supporting the 8th Cavalry Regiment, were effectively annihilated. It wasn't until 23 February that floodwaters receded enough for the attack to finally proceed. Their road march began late on 8 November and the battalion arrived near Heistern on the western edge of the Hrtgen Forest late the next morning. The 723rd Tank Battalion was inactivated in September 1956. WebABMC Headquarters 2300 Clarendon Blvd, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22201 Phone: 703-584-1501 greyhound bus killer crime scene photos; woburn safari login. [2], The 747th Amphibian Tank Battalion was mobilized in August 1950 and sent to Fort Worden, Washington. WebAn officer from a tank battalion uses an M24 to familiarize riflemen of the 39th Infantry Regiment, 9th Infantry Division, with the new Chaffee light tank, 31 January 1945. [7], In addition to home station training at Fort Meade, the battalion trained at Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania and Fort Knox, Kentucky in early 1941. WebThe 744th Light Tank Battalion was the first light tank unit to receive the M24 Chaffee, on December 24, 1944; they were completely re-equipped by February 1945. After all, as the saying goes, "the enemy is not stupid, and will aim at the weak spot of the armour". [102] On 30 March 2003 2-70 Armor along with 1-41 Infantry were attached to 2nd Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division to clear the city of Samawah . [21], When the tank companies deployed for North Africa, the battalion headquarters and other elements remained in Fort Bragg, North Carolina until 1 January 1943. The battalion (minus Company C) sailed with the 1st Infantry Division on 9 January 1942 for the pro-Nazi Vichy French island of Martinique in the West Indies in order to deny the island and its American-built P-40 aircraft as an Axis base of operations in the Western Hemisphere. On 28 August, the battalion was attached to the 4th Infantry Division, crossing the Seine and advancing to Neuilly-sur-Marne on 29 August. [56] It was only when the infantry were able to push through to the eastern and northern reaches of the forest that the tanks could once again maneuver in reasonably open terrain. While in this status, the battalion continued to train with the 29th, stressing combined arms operations with their infantry and artillery counterparts.

WebThe final reunion for the World War II 740th Tank Battalion was held at the Museum of the American G.I. At Laak, from 818 March 1945, the battalion drew approximately 100 LVT's and went through intensive training with members of the 30th and 79th Infantry Divisions, conducting exercises crossing the Maas River in preparation for an amphibious assault across the Rhine River. TogetherWeServed.com (TWS) contains comprehensive military records of Military Veterans posted by the Veterans themselves [23], With most of the battalion (still minus Company A) now reunited, the 70th Tank Battalion moved by rail from Casablanca to Tlemcen, Algeria on 4 February 1943. With very brief port calls at Yokohama and Sasebo, Japan, the ship arrived at the port of Pusan, Korea on 7 August 1950. [17] Having reached the Roer, the battalion dug into position overlooking the Roer on 12 December. Company B rejoined the battalion at Merkstein. Although the first men came ashore in the assault wave, their tanks did not arrive until D+4.

However, the service company had been replaced by the combat support company, which also took over several of the functions previously contained within the headquarters company. There were no tanks available as promised, so moving without orders, Harrys commander, Col. Rubel, marched the group through several towns.

Minor nitpick: That's true for the first and second shot, maybe the third as well. On 17 September, the battalion was assigned to the 110th Infantry Regiment and attacked south from Eichenbusch early on 19 September. Virtually out of contact with the enemy, the battalion used the time to train new replacements and catch up on administrative actions. The personnel from the 10th Light Tank Company were partitioned among the companies of the 70th Tank Battalion[32] as well as to the 743rd Tank Battalion. [16], Company B landed with the 47th Regimental Combat Team of the 9th Infantry Division at Safi, Morocco in order to secure the port. The 4th Infantry Division was recommitted in the main line of advance at the base of the Carentan peninsula, near Sainteny on 6 July. On 27 March, the 747th turned in their LVT's and closed on Rheydt the same day. [94], 270 Armor was reactivated and once again assigned to the 1st Brigade, 24th Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia, as part of the Army's Rapid Deployment Force (RDF), where it provided a significant portion of the RDF's heavy tank capability. On 30 September 1944, Company C was attached to the 113th Cavalry Group in the vicinity of Haag, Belgium. While there, the battalion served as the vehicle for an Advanced Warfighter Exercise to test new digitized command and control equipment in a realistic operational environment. This composite company was attached directly to the 4th Infantry Division and spearheaded the drive toward Bastogne, reaching the town on 11 September. 2nd Platoon and 3rd Platoon, Company C Presidential Unit Citation, 2127 September 1950, Department of the Army General Order 3550. Location: earth.

Over the next three days, the 747th made some 1,400 round trip crossings, ferrying men and equipment forward, and casualties and prisoners back.

3,130. I don't understand how using the shot trap is indirect. [50][51] On 29 August, the battalion attacked en masse in the vicinity of Tremblay-les-Gonesse, a rare occurrence for an independent tank battalion normally parceled out as company and platoon attachments to elements of an infantry division. The battalion began to receive new tanks to replace ones lost in combat and continued training for the next campaign, and naturally assumed they would be part of the Italian mainland invasion force. The wars end was anticlimactic.

How do you think a battle between the forces of the Mongol Empire and a battalion of modern US marines go? Ekipement Symbolism: The shield is green with five gold spearheads representing a platoon of five tanks entering into combat in a flying wedge formation. WebAfter action report, 740th Tank Battalion, January thru April 45.

Shield: The shield is green with five gold spearheads representing a platoon of five tanks entering into combat in a flying wedge formation.

On 1516 February, Company A was attached to the 5th Cavalry Regiment to form Task Force Crombez in order to relieve the 23rd Infantry Regiment and a French Infantry Battalion which had been cut off by approximately six regiments of communist forces. On 24 March, with one DD-equipped company of 736th Tank Battalion attached, crossed the Rhine near Spellen. Raced across Germany, entering Magdeburg (the last major city on autobahn to Berlin) on 16 April 1945. Ended war there. Activated on 27 April 1942 at Camp Bowie, Texas, under command of Maj. Richard J. Hunt. Arrived in England 9 January 1944. One tank company was attached to each cavalry (actually infantry) regiment of the 1st Cavalry Division, with platoons further divvied up one per battalion.

[79] Initially, the units' priority was to exfiltrate back through the Chinese forces. Yeah. With this new addition, the first requirement of the battalion was to reorganize and re-equip the battalion as a de facto medium tank battalion. [62], The battalion had lost another 5 men killed, 14 wounded, and 4 missing in just a week in the Ardennes. It may not display this or other websites correctly. [92] However, by the end of 1970 the rest of the division, including 370 Armor, had also been withdrawn from Germany and all elements of the 70th Armor Regiment were inactivated at Fort Riley. On 18 April, Task Force RAZOR conducted a 250km tactical march from Camp Irwin to the NTS, arriving on 21 April 1955. The battalion was inactivated with the rest of the division in November 1992. Tanks of Company C led the advance of Task Force Lynch (after Lieutenant Colonel James H. Lynch[76]), consisting of troops of 3rd Battalion 7th Cavalry Regiment and other units, in their drive toward the units breaking out from the Inchon landings. Location: earth. 270 Armor deployed again to Iraq just a year later, in February 2005, with the 3rd Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Armored Division.

Reviews aren't The 4th Infantry Division's sector was very hilly, heavily forested and ill-suited for tanks.

Stabilizing the front over the next few days, the division and other units went on the offensive on 15 September in support of the Inchon Landings near Seoul.

The battalion was withdrawn to Schleiden for a period of intensive maintenance which they referred to as a "rehabilitation period" until 30 November, at the end of which the 747th could still only count 20 operational medium tanks. [16] Following this, through 11 December, the battalion rotated up to one platoon of tanks at a time, plus the headquarters company assault gun platoon, to assist the 29th Infantry Division in clearing the west bank of the Roer River opposite Jlich. Courtesy of James B. Graham, III Diary Entry for Sep. 19, 1944 - by 1st. [64], After this successful deep penetration into German territory, the battalion unexpectedly received orders attaching them to the Seventh Army, far to the south in France, and to prepare for a long road march. [8], Continuing a rapid advance to the north with the objective of Brussels, the battalion passed to the west of Villers-Cotterts and Soissons and through Laon. Battle - Who Came Out Ahead? The tank companies, where appropriate, supplied the lineage and heritage of the respective battalions of the 70th Armor Regiment.

That same month, the battalion relocated to Camp Cooke, where it conducted amphibious exercises and gunnery training.

the organization here is as follows: The 70th Tank Battalion was formed as an independent medium tank battalion on 15 July 1940 at Fort Meade, Maryland from elements of the 34th Infantry Regiment and the 67th Infantry Regiment (Medium Tanks). [25], The 70th Tank Battalion was selected to support the 1st Infantry Division in the assault landings in Sicily for Operation Husky in July 1943. Operations Research Office Technical Memorandum 261. When CARS was replaced by the U.S. Army Regimental System (USARS) system in 1981, the 70th Armor Regiment continued to carry the colors and honors of the regiment. ; ; ; ; ; The battalion was only there long enough for Company B to rejoin it on 7 April, and on 8 April roadmarched back west to Wulfen (Dorsten)[de], near their positions of 36 April. When the 2nd Brigade, 1st Armored Division was redesignated the 170th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 470 Armor was reassigned to the new unit. A third tank, a restored M-36, destroyed a third German tank. [4], Also upon landing on 7 June, two platoons of Company B were initially attached to 18th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, and advanced on Mandeville-en-Bessin. From a firefly? The 70th Tank Battalion, and later the battalions of the 70th Armor Regiment, saw numerous changes to the table of organization and equipment over the years. On 16 February 1944, they departed for Camp Barton Stacey, near Andover. The SS Monterey docked at Liverpool, England on 28 November 1943 and the personnel of the 70th Tank Battalion were transported to Ogbourne St. George, where the battalion was met by members of the 10th Light Tank Company, which had departed Iceland and arrived in England a week before the 70th Tank Battalion. [9][10], As soon as the 747th Tank Battalion had reassembled at Beho on 15 September, it was detached from the 4th Infantry Division and attached to the 28th Infantry Division. Although recently returned from a rotation in Iraq, the 170th was selected for rotation to Afghanistan. After the war, it was redesignated a heavy tank battalion, in which guise it fought in the Korean War. WebDaredevil Tankers: The Story of the 740th Tank Battalion, United States Army. The 70th Armor Regiment was designated a parent organization as part of the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS) in 1963. There was no significant damage to the vehicles, and the task force began moving 8 minutes after the shot. Personal Comments Page 1 - 740th Ordnance Battalion - 40th Infantry Division - US Army - Korean War Project - Almost three thousand units pages are available at the Korean War Project. Within their assigned sector, they were responsible for rear area security, patrolling roads and setting up checkpoints, guarding bridges, rounding up displaced persons and released allied prisoners of war, and collecting abandoned and damaged German military equipment until V-E Day on 8 May 1945. [18] Meeting only light resistance, the company suffered no casualties and the port was secured by 1530. Center of Military History, Lineage and Honors, 2nd Battalion 70th Armor. The 70th Tank Battalion completely reorganized when it converted from a light tank battalion to the standard medium tank battalion organization. The battalion turned west toward Le Pommereuil to face the threat from the retreating Germans. Operation Enduring Freedom (4th Battalion).

[89], On 21 November 1951, the battalion, less Company B (still in the line supporting the 8th Cavalry Regiment in combat), went into reserve and moved to a new assembly area. Hunter, M.G. "2nd Bn., 70th Armor Regt. The 723rd was inactivated along with the rest of the 71st Infantry Division on 15 September 1956.[2].
Company: 310th Engineer Combat Battalion: 749th Tank Battalion: 310th Field Artillery Battalion:

Member. By 14 September, all elements of the composite company had returned to an assembly area near Beho[fr], Belgium.

These silk patches come from the Occupation period and I think are rare on WW2 armor ike jackets, especially with the battalion level tab. [9], After this rapid advance across France, the tanks were badly in need of repair. They remained at Merkstein until 15 November, focusing on combined arms training with the infantry, and also had radios (enabling infantry-armor communications) and flame throwers installed on selected tanks in the medium tank companies. WebFind B Company, 740th Tank Battalion unit information, patches, operation history, veteran photos and more on TogetherWeServed.com. In the heavy fighting that ensued, the infantry, who rode on the tanks during the advance, suffered numerous casualties, but the task forces succeeded in reaching the 23rd Infantry. [3], Although not part of the initial assault landings for Operation Overlord on 6 June 1944, the first elements of the battalion landed on Omaha Beach on D+1, 7 June, at 0700. WebThe tank destroyer battalion was a type of unit used by the United States Army during World War II. JavaScript is disabled. Posted December 6, 2011. hello, I recently won some letters written by a fellow who served in the 746th Tank Battalion and was wondering if anyone knows where I might obtain a The 70th was heavily engaged in providing rear guard for the 1st Cavalry Division as they began to withdraw to the south. 3,130. [17][18][19], Although the 29th Infantry Division was a battle-tested veteran unit, having participated in the landings at Omaha Beach, the reduction of Brest, and numerous battles since, they found themselves in a quiet sector of the front during this period. This involved so many vehicles that the battalion had to create a "composite company" consisting of the serviceable tanks from all three medium tank companies to support offensive operations of the 4th Infantry Division. The battalion boarded the USNS General A. W. Brewster at Fort Mason, California on 23 July, with their vehicles and equipment loaded on separate cargo transport. Combined Arms Research Library (CARL) Digital Collection. After closing on the assembly area near Rocroi, the battalion used the time to replace worn track and engines. Each company consisted of a headquarters section which, along with a small headquarters staff which included two tanks for the company commander and executive officer (the medium tank companies also had an assault gun assigned to the headquarters section, which was occasionally consolidated with the assault guns in the headquarters company to mass the firepower); and three five-tank platoons. [59][60] Until 24 December, platoon size detachments of tanks, supported by no more than five infantrymen mounted on each tank, operated as mobile strike forces to repel any German thrusts toward Luxembourg city. A Test of the combat Arms Regimental System ( CARS ) in 1963 across,... 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Supply lines was secured by 1530 30 September 1944, company a received the Presidential Citation... > Powered by Invision Community, US MILITARIA FORUM - COLLECTORS PRESERVING History Quick Links attack on Isigny-sur-Mer 70th Regiment... Medium Tank battalion, January thru April 45 this mission 79 ] initially, the suffered!
It was [101] On 20 20 March 2003, 270 Armor marched into Iraq as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom, supporting the 3rd Infantry Division and the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault). At least one light tank was lost behind friendly lines conducting this mission. The battalion was initially formed as a light tank battalion, then converted to a standard tank battalion configuration during World War II. These were the object of carefully ranged artillery and repeated mining, as Germans would infiltrate the area at night and lay new mines.

[4][6] This inactivity also reflected the fact that although the infantry and tanks had practiced the beach landings together, there had been no training to fight together once they moved inland. In early January 1951, the 70th Tank Battalion began preparations to move out of the line, and on 7 January 1951 moved into assembly areas in the vicinity of Singidong. George Kenneth Rubel. 723rd Tank Battalion and Operation Teapot, Order of Battle of the U.S. Army, World War II, ETO, pp.5, 18, 124, Order of Battle of the U.S. Army, World War II, ETO, p.128, "La Campagne de Hollande 22 septembre - 17 novembre 1944", "2nd Tank Destroyer Group, Report of Operations 3 Sep 44 to 1 Oct 44", http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/singleitem/collection/p4013coll8/id/3553/rec/6, http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getfile/collection/p4013coll8/id/2479/filename/2495.pdf, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a113538.pdf, http://www.dtra.mil/Portals/61/Documents/NTPR/1-Fact_Sheets/16_TEAPOT.pdf, https://web.archive.org/web/20090811141647/http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/p672_1.pdf, http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/007/7-9-1/CMH_Pub_7-9-1.pdf, http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/007/7-7-1/CMH_Pub_7-7-1.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=747th_Tank_Battalion_(United_States)&oldid=1135028440, Tank battalions of the United States Army, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The Headquarters Company included the battalion headquarters staff, both officers and enlisted men; an. Their equipment transport did not arrive until 9 August. As part of the "peace dividend" after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the battalion was inactivated on 15 December 1993 as U.S. forces in Germany were substantially reduced and the 3rd Infantry Division brought back from Germany.