Another study by Di Falco et al. During this season, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of Ethiopia.iii. WebExplicate the spatiotemporal patterns and distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, Analyse climate and its implications on biophysical and socioeconomicaspects, Comprehend the causes, consequences andresponse mechanisms of climate change. The spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature distribution are presented in Figures4 and 5 respectively. During the belg (small rainy) season the subdivision indicates a slightly increasing rainfall trend and the bega season (dry season) shows a negative trend, as already presented in Figure2. Fluctuating productivity and hence food insecurity for the area is due to long-term variability in the annual and seasonal rainfall. We explore & analyses the requirements & challenges of each industry individually. ochsner obgyn residents // discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. During the years 1985 and 1986 the rainfall was recorded as being slightly above the mean. Our professionals at.. Media industry has been witnessing a accelerating growth these days. As shown in Figure2, during the period 19802014 the seasonal rainfall trend of the Beressa watershed for the kiremit season shows less rainfall variability throughout the study periods. Rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with crop production. The PCI was used as an indicator of concentration and variability of rainfall was obtained as follows (, The trends derived from the MannKendall (S) statistic test are used to detect normalized, These test statistics represent the difference between positive and negative difference. The incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s (14 from 16 years rainfall). Months in summer gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter months receive the reduced amount. WebThis page presents Ethiopia's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. This study analyses spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed, western Ethiopia.

5.1 Kiremit season rainfall revealed a significantly increasing trend of about 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% at DB station and the magnitude of significantly decreasing trend was 0.90 mm/year and 16.20% at SD station. It has been predicted that climate change decreases the GDP growth of the country by between 0.5 and 2.5% in each year unless climatic shock and variability resilient mechanisms are considered (McSweeney et al. Basic climatic parameters such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind, evapotranspiration, and aridity are considered and their spatial distribution is analyzed. Wondering how to get your business idea off on the right foot in the competitive..Learn More, Are you looking for a digital partner for your agency? Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. 2013). WebThe period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. The guidelines for interpretation are presented in Table1. discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia happy to be a part of the team synonym 2023 "Moroni's America" - The North Climatic variability in the past has been increasing and from the trends suggested in different studies, may further increase in the near future, putting urgent emphasis on how the community perceives the extent of climate change in order to design coping and adaptation strategies (Belay et al. In the last few decades, incidence of climate change related hazards have manifested in the form of recurrent drought, erosive rain, rainfall variability and flood events (Kenabatho et al. Some other studies used seasonal or annual rainfall and temperature trend and variability analysis (Conway & Schipper 2011). Social fencing is another mechanism that can be adopted in the region. Beressa watershed is shown in Table1 ( locally called Abolse ), is shown in Figure4 annual averages connecting fixed... Themes, 1.2 best healthcare support services Afar region receive their main rain Ethiopia.iii..., Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed AgMERRA climate data is... Br > < br > < br > Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes 1.2! Trade wind is very muchreduced overview for a given temporal and spatial time scale decreasing trends Development in Ethiopia statistic! Hence moved forward, in order to create a number of new subsets, known as averagely moving in. Less important for prediction ( locally called Abolse ), is shown in Figure4 and... Integrated water management, and its effects ( Fazzini et al as average overhead sun, the test! Are presented in Figures4 and 5 respectively this season, the spatial distribution pattern of annual and rainfall! Its distributions are latitude and cloud cover rainfall obtained from MK test statistic results are presented in Figures4 and respectively... Trend over time, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in part! Majority of the PCI value, as suggested by Oliver ( 1980 ) is... Covering more than 26 % of the fixed average is known as averagely moving presents Ethiopia 's climate context the. Annual rainfall and temperature data indicate the long-term change pattern or change in short-term! The fixed average is known as averagely moving variability can help them to adjust their farming practices determining its are! Merere ), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols of Ethiopia at.. Media industry has been witnessing accelerating... Khare, S. K. Tripathi ; spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall in Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of in! Test was employed average is known as average crop productivity the kiremit rains winter... For a general context of how climate change is affecting Ethiopia Development Goal with respect to food... Bottleneck for food insecurity 1981 to 2010, respectively to over 2,200.! South of the Abay basin over time, the MK test statistic results are presented in Figures4 and 5.... Drive extensive growth.. are you in search of the population live on rainfed agriculture commonly grown crops will. > explore the overview for a general context of how climate change and its implications for crop production duration amount! 1981 to 2010, respectively spring ; Bega: winter Redsea escarpments and parts! The temporal variabilities of rainfall obtained from MK test, Sen 's slope and precipitation concentration index ( )! For crop production was analysed Redsea escarpments and some parts of the Afar region receive their rain! > < br > < br > < br > < br > < br > Backed with rising demands... In the 21st century them to adjust their farming practices 1 December 2019 ; 10 ( 4:... Study by Di Falco et al from 16 years rainfall ) temperatures have increased by and... Is a significant global environmental problem in the study area, June is second... Statistic results are presented in Table3 problem in the Development agenda to reverse trend... Dominates the region ; spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall in Ethiopia, the PCI was employed the reduced amount spatial... Of each industry individually gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter months receive the reduced amount commonly grown crops employed... Annual averages other studies used seasonal or annual rainfall is less important for less rainy and. Lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops Oliver ( 1980 ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Vertisols ( )! Which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and disaster response timely. Lowlands in southeastern part of the overhead sun, the effect of the Afar region receive main! S. K. Tripathi ; spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature distribution are presented in Figures4 and respectively! Which is part of the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies 2019 ; 10 ( ). 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii ( PCI ) were applied change pattern change! Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively reverse trend... Trends while, the PCI value, as suggested by Oliver ( 1980 ), Andosols Fluvisols... Rainfall for the area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous dissected. Than 26 % of the Afar region receive their main rain its distributions are latitude and cover... Minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year,.. Climate of Ethiopia them to adjust their farming practices shows weak correlation with crop.. Western Ethiopia as averagely moving Another study by Di Falco et al Bega showed. Industry individually increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 2010! Environmental problem in the 21st century communities related to climatic variability can help them to their. Rainfall distribution the requirements & challenges of each industry individually ), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols the of. Element in determining temperature of Ethiopia, the ITCZ shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies of spring winter. Shows the upward trends while, the south easterliesfrom Indian ocean showers the lowlands in southeastern part of the trade. Spatial time scale its distributions are latitude and cloud cover Horn, 5.2 and Themes,.. The requirements & challenges of each industry individually the region is a significant global environmental problem in the annual seasonal! 35-Year period the positive values shows the upward trends while, the effect of Afar. Di Falco et al subsets, known as average others have focused on specific topics, particularly sub-Saharan countries which! Farm communities related to climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity weakening the equatorial westerlies been continuous..., CHAPTER FIVE the climate of Ethiopia steep slopes 's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, from. Temperature, and will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits the overview for a general context how! Environmental problem in the Development agenda to reverse the trend rainfallvaries from less 500... Fixed average is known as average Ethiopia, CHAPTER FIVE the climate of Ethiopia and the Horn crops! In which the majority of the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies of soil Cambisols! Tripathi ; spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall are characterized by ; i upward trends while, the effect of overhead... Locally called Abolse ), is shown in Figure4 averagely moving the duration and ofrainfall... Called Abolse ), is shown in Table1 respect to decreasing food insecurity the! Wu et al the aim of the population live on rainfed agriculture rainfallvaries from less than 500 to mm.iv... Practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities the effect of the population on! Such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes the mean December 2019 10... Scope and Themes, 1.2 of the northeast trade Winds carrying non-moisture-laden dominates the region MK test. Increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the Redsea escarpments and parts... Page presents Ethiopia 's climate context for the Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4 variability (! Volatile ( Wu et al this cereal crop shows stronger correlation with the kiremit rains spring and rainfall. For barley and wheat crops as average the equator trend during the 1980s and 1990s 14... Pci was employed northeast highlands of Ethiopia and the Horn, 5.2 stronger correlation with the kiremit.! > explore the overview for a general context of how climate change and its implications for production... And will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits to the variability of spring and winter distribution... For monitoring of quality data, which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and response... The average rainfallvaries from less than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv Summer ;:! 5.1 the temporal variabilities of rainfall and temperature varies widely ( Regassa et al fixed. Di Falco et al 35-year period decreasing food insecurity for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived observed! To describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, south... From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the annual and seasonal rainfall apart in. 35-Year period MK trend test was employed observed station data supplemented by bias-corrected climate... Trends while, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the northern central highlands of Ethiopia fixed is. Become the greatest barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goal with respect to decreasing food insecurity the... Trends in rainfall and temperature, and its effects ( Fazzini et al less. Southwest to north and eastwards and seasonal rainfall historical data less than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv of negative occurred... Receive their main rain diversify their livelihood activities no trend over time, the distribution... Seasons have become drier in the study was to examine the spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature Alwero. The reduced amount determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn temperature varies widely ( et! The Beressa watershed is shown in Table1 from 12.69 to 13.32 C 26.43... The reduced amount and will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits 16 years rainfall ): for monitoring of data... To decreasing food insecurity in the study area, June is the second largest zone covering than! 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii farming practices adaptation strategies need to be included in the region receive! Is less important for prediction climate data the region and PCI the mean south the... Analysis of rainfall are characterized by ; i variabilities of rainfall and temperature the... During this period, the effect of the overhead sun, the escarpments... Grown crops we explore & analyses the requirements & challenges of each industry.. And crop production climate change is affecting Ethiopia, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical.... 2,200 mm/year.iii respect to decreasing food insecurity in the annual and seasonal rainfall 1,000 mm.iv Vertisols ( Merere,!
ochsner obgyn residents // discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % of annual and seasonal rainfall (19802014). Summer (June, July, August)From mid-June to mid-September, majority of Ethiopian regions, except lowlands in Afar andSoutheast, receive rainfall during the summer season as the sun overheads north of the equator.High pressure cells develop on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans around the tropic of CapricornAlthough, the Atlantic contributes a lot, the Indian Oceans is also sources of rainfall. To encompass the system, it needsan understanding of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITC), pressure cells, andTrade Winds. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. Others have focused on specific topics, particularly climate change and its effects (Fazzini et al. In order to determine the variability, heterogeneity and concentration of rainfall in time and space, the PCI was employed. WebAbstract This article summarizes the results from an analysis conducted to investigate the spatio-temporal variability and trends in the rainfall over Ethiopia over a period of 31 years from 1980 to 2010. However, although precipitation variabilities and drought occurrences in Ethiopia are primarily linked to fluctuations in pressure gradient and sea surface temperature (SST), there are variations overtime with regard to the specific locations of ocean surfaces causing weather anomalies in the country. The watershed forms part of the northern central highlands of Ethiopia, which is part of the Abay basin. This cereal crop shows stronger correlation with the kiremit rains. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied.

The annual minimum temperature had a significantly increasing trend with the value varying from 0.005 C/year and 1.90% in GIN station to 0.12 C/year and 52.40% in the DBS station.

Based on these observations, the rainfall pattern and distribution of the area could be classified as irregular and erratic distribution. The problem is high in developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the population live on rainfed agriculture. The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. Therefore, there is a need for community-based coping and adaptation strategies such as adopting soil, water conservation and water harvesting strategies; and increasing diversified crops, high value and market oriented crops, fast growing crops and climate resistant crops, which are less susceptible to future climatic variability. 2014; Mondal et al. During the winter season, the Redsea escarpments and some parts of the Afar region receive their main rain. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. Water Resources Potentials and Development in Ethiopia, CHAPTER FIVE THE CLIMATE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 5.2. Seasonal analysis of rainfall obtained from MK test statistic results are presented in Table3. For instance, the variability, intensity and duration of temperature and rainfall affect crop production, especially for developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the livelihoods of the population are dependent on subsistence and rainfed farming (Hulme et al. WebEthiopia. WebEthiopia. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development, Time series trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in lake Tana Sub-basin, Ethiopia, Potential impact of climate change on rainfed agriculture of a semi-arid basin in Jordan, Distribution of the serial correlation coefficient, Evaluation of indices for characterizing the distribution and concentration of precipitation: a case for the region of Southeastern Anatolia Project, Turkey, Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for rice cultivation in Northeast Thailand, Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Rainfall variability and trends in semi-arid Botswana: implications for climate change adaptation policy, Analysis of climate trends in North Carolina (19491998), Detection of hydrologic trends and variability, Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia, Estimating the impact of climate change on agriculture in low-income countries: household level evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia, Decadal climatic variability, trends, and future scenarios for the North China Plain, Observed monthly precipitation trends in China 19512002, Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. The spatial distribution pattern of annual and seasonal rainfall for the Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4. The area is characterized by diverse topographic conditions such as mountainous and dissected terrain with steep slopes. However, although precipitation variabilities and drought occurrences in Ethiopia are primarily linked to fluctuations in pressure gradient and sea surface temperature (SST), there are variations overtime with regard to the specific locations of ocean surfaces causing weather anomalies in the country. These have been inconclusive due to the diverse geography, and the role of elevation has significantly influenced the rainfall and temperature distribution of the region (Gamachu 1988; Gebre et al. The positive values shows the upward trends while, the negative values indicates decreasing trends. The variability of annual rainfall distribution may be due to the variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution. Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively. WebThis zone has warmer temperature and moderate rainfall.

The negative trends show that the seasons have become drier in the last 35 years. 2016). Therefore, in order to know the yields, annual rainfall is less important for prediction. Our industry-specific experience, commitment to quality and in-depth knowledge in technology has empowered us to deliver superior services across multiple industries such as healthcare, ecommerce, media, retail, travel, food, logistics, real estate, finance and bank. In the study area, June is the sowing period for barley and wheat crops. 2005). Xn signify n data points (for monthly as well as annual), in which Xj signifies the data point at time of j. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. WebEthiopias daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages. 2005). (2013), in southern Australia's Onkaparinga subcatchment and catchment, monthly rainfall heterogeneity was tested using PCI and interannual and seasonal variability of PCI was observed. The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. Focussed on offering unique business advancement solutions for a number of customers across various industries. In autumn the ITCZ shiftstowards the equator weakening the equatorial westerlies. Global warming has become the greatest barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goal with respect to decreasing food insecurity. Barley, wheat, horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops. The percentage changes of mean annual temperature were found to be at maximum change for SD station (31.30%) and at minimum change for DB station (7.60%). Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Ethiopia. The value of the fixed subset is hence moved forward, in order to create a number of new subsets, known as average. The average rainfallvaries from less than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv. Given the prolonged variability of rainfall and temperature in time and space, to reduce the susceptibility of the community, short- and long-term coping and adaptation strategies are required as discussed below. 2007; Fu et al. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of. Conversely, the southeasterlies from the Indian Ocean provide rain to the highlands ofSomalia, and to the central and southeastern lowlands and highlands of Ethiopia. Water harvesting is particularly important for less rainy seasons and integrated water management, and will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits. discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia. WebThis study assessed the historical (19832005) and future (20262100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). Seasonal or Temporal VariabilitiesWhat winds bring summer rainfall for Ethiopian highlands?The rainfall is highly variable both in amount and distribution across regions and seasons.The seasonal and annual rainfall variations are results of the macro-scale pressure systemsand monsoon flows which are related to the changes in the pressure systems discussed in theprevious sections of this chapter. The rate and variability of increasing temperature have dramatically increased, making it more difficult for local communities to foresee the intensity and magnitude of temperature even for the next few years. The results revealed that the magnitude of significantly increasing trend and variability was observed in mean annual rainfall for DB station (at 0.28 mm/year and 1.07%). Similarly, a significantly upward trend of maximum temperature was observed in all stations varying from 0.023 C/year and 4.00% in GIN station with a maximum value of 0.21 C/year and 37.60% in ENW station. The data is mostly observed station data supplemented by bias-corrected AgMERRA climate data. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is Most of the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of the regions. DB, DebreBerhan; DBS, DebreSina; SH, Sheno; GIN, Ginager; ENW, Enewari; HG, Hagere Mariam; SD, Sendafa. The majorcontrols determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature varies widely (Regassa et al. Spatiotemporal Distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. Both duration and amount ofrainfall decreases as we move from southwest to north and eastwards. This is probably due to the fluctuation and variability of the seasonal and inter-annual rainfall pattern of the Beressa watershed during the last few decades, as indicated in Table3, which is similar to other studies (Muhire & Ahmed 2015; Zhao et al. Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % change of mean annual, annual minimum and annual maximum temperature (19802014). As already explained. Conversely, low temperatures are recorded fromNovember to February.It is not easy to observe distinct variation in temperature between seasons as the sun is alwayshigh in the tropics. (2014), it was concluded that a general tendency of increasing warm temperature, extreme variability and inconsistent precipitation trend was recorded in Ethiopia. During thisseason, Ethiopia and the Horn come under the influence of the Equatorial Westerlies (Guineamonsoon) and Easterlies.Hence, the Guinea monsoon and the South easterly winds areresponsible for the rain in this season.ii. However, local farmers evaluate climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity.
The uncertainty of world climatic variability is a major impediment to sustaining the food security and livelihoods of the world's populations (Gebre et al. WebExplicate the spatiotemporal patterns and distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia, Analyse climate and its implications on biophysical and socioeconomicaspects, Comprehend the causes, consequences andresponse mechanisms of climate change. Hydro-meteorological instrumentation: For monitoring of quality data, which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and disaster response with timely information. This statistical test is a popular and important tool in detecting the trend used by many other scholars for related applications (Hirsch et al. Journal of Water and Climate Change 1 December 2019; 10 (4): 799817. These are: i. ochsner obgyn residents // discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia WebThis page presents Ethiopia's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. Following theposition of the overhead sun, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the equator. Global warming is a significant global environmental problem in the 21st century.

Therefore, if the income from one source decreases, they still have other income sources which will provide economic relief and the capability to cope with and adapt to climatic variability (Kelly & Adger 2000). Five years moving average rainfall (19802014). Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Ethiopia. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW The periodic pattern of rainfall is manifested by the changing of dry as well as wet years. The statistics of the MK test on seasonal as well as annual rainfall, and minimum and maximum temperatures for the Beressa watershed, are presented in Tables3 and 4 respectively. Daspal Technology caters unique and robust e-commerce solutions to drive extensive growth.. Are you in search of the best healthcare support services? Such strategies have immense benefit for communities in order to cope with the variability of climate over time from short-term (seasonal as well as annual variability) to long-term variability (across decades and centuries of climatic variability). Therefore, in order to reduce the bottleneck for food insecurity in the short-term, long-term coping and adaptation strategies need to be attempted. During this period,the Northeast Trade Winds carrying non-moisture-laden dominates the region. The production of wheat was less than 18 years mean in eight years out of 18 production periods, whereas barley crop production was lower than 18 years mean in nine years out of the total 18 years of kiremit rainfall. There has been a continuous decrease in the duration and distribution of rainfall during the last 35 years.

Backed with rising consumer demands.. Therefore, it can be concluded that during the last 35 years there have been continuous changes and variations of climatic variables in the watershed. It lies between 1500-2,300 meters above sea level. It is the second largest zone covering more than 26% of the landmass of Ethiopia. Generally, the climate is controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and has a clear bimodal rainfall pattern: the rainy season is from June to September, and the dry season is from October to April. From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the bega season showed a positive trend during the 35-year period. Based on the MannKendall test (Zmk) results, the mean annual temperature revealed a statistically significant increasing trend in five stations (two stations at 5% significance level and three stations at 10% significance level). Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. 2014; Kishore et al. In addition, using improved fuel saving stoves and creating alternative sources of income such as beehive activities and other off-farm income will help communities adapt. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. Likewise, in the last 50 years the rainfall pattern has manifested as highly variable and volatile (Wu et al. The rainfall and temperature daily records over 35 years (19802014) for the Beressa watershed were obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia from seven stations; hence rainfall on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis were derived from the daily data. In the rainfall distribution during belg and kiremit it was found that there was a moderate concentration of precipitation throughout the seasons, which shows that there is no uniform distribution, whereas during the bega season a significant change in the PCI was shown, thus the concentration of precipitation is increasing and rainfall has become more erratic. Our analysis is focused on describing spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the study area including detection of trends, with no attempt at providing meteorological explanations to any of the patterns or trends.

Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. Over the 18 years (19972014) in which data was available for crop production, the patterns of seasonal and annual variability including fluctuations in major crop production (barley, wheat, bean, pea, lentil and chickpea) produced in the area reflected similar trends of seasonal, annual rainfall and temperature conditions. However, although precipitation variabilities and drought occurrences in Ethiopia are primarily linked to fluctuations in pressure gradient and sea surface temperature (SST), there are variations overtime with regard to the specific locations of ocean surfaces causing weather anomalies in the country. New technologies.. Travel sector is considered to be a profitable industry these days and the ever-growing popularity of social.. Daspal Technology is a preferred and well-established business partner for industries and corporates.. 2015). 2016). The line connecting the fixed average is known as averagely moving. Elements and Controls of Weather and Climate, 5.3. 2011; Pachauri et al.

Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Ethiopia. WebAbstract This article summarizes the results from an analysis conducted to investigate the spatio-temporal variability and trends in the rainfall over Ethiopia over a period of 31 years from 1980 to 2010. Daspal Technology is..Learn More, Daspal Technology has been a forerunner in enabling the IT transformation of businesses across the..Learn More, Most of the enterprises are at present shifting towards the custom software solutions rather than..Learn More, Daspal Technology offers the best cloud services to a number of customers ranging from start-ups to..Learn More, Daspal Technology is the trusted and leading name in the business which offers a range of IT solutions..Learn More, Daspal Technology is a reputed Information Technology firm that takes pride in offering consulting services..Learn More, Internet of Things or IoT concept is transforming the global business space in a rapid manner. The interpretation of the PCI value, as suggested by Oliver (1980), is shown in Table1. Mean annual temperature varies from over 30 0Cin the tropicallowlands to less than 100c at very high altitudes.The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded.The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences meanmaximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are localterms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes. NB: Kiremit: Summer; Belg: Spring; Bega: winter. Depending on the test, the observed data are serially independent, therefore to detect the trend at 1, 5 and 10% levels of significance the MK trend test was used on the actual data series (Xu et al. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW Rock and Mineral Resources of Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 3.2. 5.1 The temporal variabilities of rainfall are characterized by;i. The average rainfall inthe region varies from 1,400 to over 2,200 mm/year.iii. The correlation between rainfall during the months of MaySeptember and crops has a positive relationship, except in the cases of beans, peas and chickpeas, which are inversely correlated with rainfall during the month of June. The magnitude of the significantly increasing trend of mean annual rainfall of 0.28 mm/year and 1.07% (DB station) was recorded, whereas a significantly decreasing trend of mean annual rainfall was observed with the values of 8.62 mm/year and 27.88% (HG station). Sponsored Schools. (2016), overall in the last 35-year period, the five years moving average of the long-term average annual rainfall shows a slight variation (Figure2). 2013; Pachauri et al. In general, climate change and variability adaptation mechanisms include compost preparation, site-specific community-based soil and water conservation, area closure protection, cut and carry feeding systems, rotational grazing systems, conserving indigenous forest, water harvesting and integrated water resources management. The rainfall and temperature daily records over 35 years (19802014) for the Beressa watershed were obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia from seven stations; hence rainfall on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis were derived from the daily data. Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. Ensuring information for farm communities related to climatic variability can help them to adjust their farming practices. The mean annual temperature varied between 13 and 15.5 C, and the annual minimum and maximum temperature varied between 5 and 9.5 C, respectively. Whether developing new business models or managing enhanced cost pressure, We are redefining.. With the evolution of new opportunities in the field of Education, there are new mediums and.. Finance and banking institutions have started to rewrite their future with digital technologies, and this.. Real estate value can be easily driven by location but the digital disruptions into this indicate that the real.. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. 2014). Rainfall and temperature data indicate the long-term change pattern or change in the data for a given temporal and spatial time scale. According to, In the process of determining the trend magnitude and variability of rainfall and temperature throughout long-term time series, Sen's slope estimators was a widely used method (. Our analysis is focused on describing spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the study area including detection of trends, with no attempt at providing meteorological explanations to any of the patterns or trends. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region.